Shannon Liegh Wynne Free Essays

Shannon Leigh Wynne Advanced Placement United States History Mr. Ed Forte 1 December 2010 To America: Personal Reflections of a Historian by Stephen Ambrose versus Untruths My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong by James W. We will compose a custom paper test on Shannon Liegh Wynne or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Loewen History can be deciphered from multiple points of view, and has been, by a wide range of individuals, who all have various perspectives on governmental issues and financial matters. A few creators attempt to change the audience’s suppositions, some attempt to improve them. Writers have various purposes for composing, various inclinations and thoughts, diverse research and documentation too. Falsehoods My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong by James W. Loewen and To America: Personal Reflections by a Historian by Stephen Ambrose are ideal instances of two totally different books about basically a similar subject. While Loewen is a democrat, and Ambrose is a republican, not exclusively are their methods of reasoning and thoughts extraordinary, the creators present the thoughts in very surprising designs and in view of various crowds. James W. Loewen and Stephen E. Ambrose have two particularly unique composing styles, political inclinations and purposes when composing. Loewen’s Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong is just, liberal, and written in reading material style composing. Interestingly, Stephen Ambrose’s book, America: Personal Reflections by a Historian, is republican, traditionalist and composed with individual accounts and a warm tone, as though a granddad was revealing to you the narratives. In Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, Loewen introduced a great deal of new, astonishing, data on notable subjects. These new realities should influence the reader’s supposition regarding the matter being introduced based on what is famous to accept, to what is the â€Å"real† truth. Loewen introduced astounding realities about Helen Keller and her political inclinations, Christopher Columbus and who really found America, and how a few reading material are have concealed bigotry and antiracism inside the book. America: Personal Reflections by a Historian was composed to remark on history and certain occasions, and the author’s encounters finding out about them. The two books center around specific occasions, or tight subjects, yet every part is a totally new subject. Ambrose adds his own encounters and sentiments on subjects like Ulysses S. Award and the Transcontinental Railroad, which the realities are provided by the creator himself, the author’s coaches, and different acclaimed messages and records. Most proof for Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong is found in records, for example, paper articles, from both current occasions and documented materials, just as books. The data is archived in the rear of the book in Notes by the writer alongside clarifications for the utilization of certain expressions and words. Loewen utilizes numerous optional sources, for example, reading material and investigations. Most proof from America: Personal Reflections by a Historian is additionally a great deal of auxiliary sources, yet numerous essential sources too. Ambrose informs numerous individual accounts concerning the subject and numerous suppositions and stories his tutors and educators imparted to him. James Loewen and Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong have a totally unexpected reason in comparison to America: Personal Reflections by a Historian, by Stephen Ambrose, however the two books have covering documentation and research. Both America: Personal Reflections by a Historian and Lies my Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong are introduced in a to some degree consistent way, yet in various ways. James W. Loewen composed his book by concentrating on one subject for a whole part and afterward proceeding onward to the following subject and another section. He had the subjects go in sequential request and incorporates numerous photos, diagrams and charts to support the peruser, and are all around separated and put all through the book. There was no hole in any data in Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, yet there was a plenty of reiteration. Loewen nearly went around and around, clarifying something very similar over, and over, in marginally various ways each time he secured a subject. Interestingly, Stephen Ambrose structured America: Personal Reflections by a Historian to stream with the manner in which his brain spilled out of thought to thought. The sections, which likewise center around one subject for each every part, except don't go in sequential request. For example, one section is entitled â€Å"Writing about Men in real life, 1992-2001† and two or three parts after comes â€Å"Women’s Rights and Immigration†. Additionally, every section isn't carefully about an authentic subject, some attention on his own life and encounters that have to do with history. One more part is titled â€Å"Writing about Nixon† which depicts his time while he was looking into and composing his account about President Nixon. Stephen Ambrose composed as contemplations entered his head, not in a course of events or anything, similar to a reading material. Ambrose doesn't utilize any visual assistants in America: Personal Reflections by a Historian, however his words compensate for the nonappearance of pictures since he portrays things so brilliantly, enthusiastically, and with extraordinary consideration and feeling. These two books are both efficient, yet are totally different in their association and format by and large. The purposes of America: Personal Reflections by a Historian and Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong are nearly as various as history audits can get. Stephen Ambrose’s book was intended to clarify verifiable figures and occasions and develop the manner in which Americans as of now feel regarding the matter. His item was not to decrease or change the reader’s see regarding the matter, similar to James Loewen did, just elevate it. James W. In the section in America: Personal Reflections by a Historian about President Ulysses S. Award, he takes the great picture of the war saint, and improved it, with obscure accounts of his enormity. Loewen’s reason when composing Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong was to change the reader’s sentiment regarding the matter that he was discussing at that point. For instance, a great many people consider Helen To be as a saint or as daring, since she defeated her inabilities to help other people with a similar handicap to work in the public arena. Loewen informed the perusers just a bit of concerning her achievements about that however spent the remainder of the part enlightening all regarding her political perspectives and vocation as a communist and how she publically upheld Russia in its new organization as a socialist country. Any individual who peruses this book really want to feel duped both my James Loewen for demolishing a decent symbol and good example, and at different antiquarians and reading material for not telling every bit of relevant information. He additionally tells the perusers that Christopher Columbus was a cheat and a terrible individual and that he doesn’t have the right to be broadly celebrated. Both Helen Keller and Christopher Columbus are turned upward to by numerous individuals, particularly youngsters, who are just at school to get familiar with the letter set and how to share, however Loewen is embarking to demolish all the little pioneer and Christopher Columbus books for them, and he approves of that. He needs people in general to know reality, and that merits everything to him. America: Personal Reflections by a Historian is mostly supporting America’s friends and family, and Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong is killing them. Prior to his demise in 2002, Stephen Ambrose was a well known biographer and history specialist. He was additionally an educator or instructed at the University of New Orleans, Kansas State University, Johns Hopkins University, Rutgers University, U. C. Berkeley, and some European schools. He was tutored by some celebrated more established students of history too, however he constantly framed his own feeling regarding the matter he was being coached on, regardless of whether he didn't concur with his guide. Ambrose was certainly a republican, and interposed his republican perspectives during numerous pieces of America: Personal Reflections by a Historian, and he has additionally distributed accounts of Presidents Nixon and Eisenhower, just as Emory Upton and Henry Halleck. James W. Loewen is liberal, and it appears in Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. James Loewen has a PHD in human science from Harvard, co-wrote a U. S. history course book called Mississippi: Conflict and Change , which won the Lillian Smith Award, and has likewise instructed at The Catholic University of America, The University of Vermont, and Tougaloo College. When composing Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, Loewen considers and remained at the Smithsonian Institution, where he shaped his feeling that no course reading leaves a mark on the world intriguing or even records it accurately. Loewen has composed an absolute eight books, practically the entirety of a similar style composing; liberal and definitive. The target group for both America: Personal Reflections by a Historian and Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong was an individual or understudy with a general information on history all in all and a standard thought of numerous parts and occasions, who is happy to learn and acknowledge new realities about these segments and occasions. The language is that of an informed grown-up or youthful grown-up, with the goal that understudies and working individuals the same could comprehend and identify with the book and writer. Falsehoods My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong is to a greater degree a student’s book, since it centers around h

San Francisco Earthquake Letter - Free Essay Example

My Dearest Mother,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Devastation was stricken in all hearts of the San Franciscans, including myself . All of our buildings were in Pieces or in flames . Everyone got out of their buildings in work clothes, pajamas, anything they had on before this destruction occurred . Most people had not known what was going on around them for they been in a doze , some had simply just died in their own home, not realizing . Just imagine being woken up from the noises of collision and just be drowned as soon as you open your eyes on the day of April 18, 1906.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I was woken up much worse than others, as I had mentioned before . When I opened my eyes from sleep, usually I would wake up as I make my way to the kitchen to get a cup of coffee but today was much different than every other day . Today, I woke up with smoke around me , flames and shattered glass on the floor and all around me . At first, I didn’t know what had happened until . There was a big spark when I looked   outside my window and it had sparked a fire. I had quickly stood up and put on some clothes and ran outside. As I did so, I couldnt spot anyone else in the building but when I stepped outside I had seen a big crowd as they strewn the streets of our disaster town and buildings coming down in a reign of destruction I hastened my pace as fast I can go and ended up behind the big horde of individuals and families . I spotted a female in search of her kids in the opposite side of me . The men were protecting and blocking their kids and wives from the haste of everyone running   . They kept shouting to stay back and so we all kept our distances from our buildings And the ones who didn’t listen were attacked , being pulled or even kicked to be dragged   in the reign of the earthquake’s Magnitude and also the help of the Blazing Fire . I had run away from the big crowd of people, just in case I could have been injured or hurt . When I did so, I spotted a man around the age 20 from my view, filming the whole Destructive situation, I thought he was just an odd man at first, but not long after I realized that that he was a newscaster . He had to do it or wanted to do it . The newscaster was next to a smoldering wall that was right about ready to crash on him and his camera. I wasn’t going to let that young man’s life be taken away by the wall . I quickly stepped behind him and pulled his arm, basically dragging him away. Some people refused to eat, or ask for help and would rather just stare off at the wreckage of our town. I was one too . I didn’t want to eat, and be in a situation and just watch small pieces of buildings sparked off in the cold breeze. The people helping had been at the beginning of such a large line, filled with people that needed help, as if they were homeless.   People were left with curiosity, devastation, and realization as they all waited in such a long line to be fed. Curiosity and realization had run loose . because we all individually wondered how long it happened until we realized in devastation .   we were all undeniably downcasted at what happened to our homes and the other casualties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Days past, filled with helping each other and making temporary camps in the park. I was invited to share a tent with one of my friends, so I accepted the offer. During the days, I would help others by taking care of their children as their parents build their tents to keep my   mind off the horrific experience some days ago, I would spend my time with the kids and do whatever they wanted to do. I would do this with my friend too. And during the night, I would make sure everyone is secured safely in their tents, I would walk around the park to make sure no rascals were running around in the dark. One night, I did, in fact, spot a young kid running around the park. I took his arm and startled him. I squatted down and started speaking to him about how dangerous it could be in doing so. Manifestly, he didn’t quite understand me but the days after, he obeyed my directions and lesson and Kindness.

Arguments Against Relativism

There is plenty of evidence favoring the genuineness of a relativistic attitude in a wide variety of situations. Cultural relativism, religious relativism, linguistic relativism, scientific relativism, relativism moving from different historical perspectives or miscellaneous social positions: this is just the beginning of a list of sources motivating the genuineness of contrasting perspectives on a specific topic at hand. And yet, on some occasions, one may want to resist the idea that the relativistic stance is the best theoretical option: in some cases, it just seems that one of the contrasting views should ​get it more right than the others. On what grounds could such a claim be made? Truth The first ground on which a relativistic attitude can be resisted is truth. If you accept relativism, while holding a certain position, it seems that you are at once undermining that position. Suppose, for instance, that you claim that abortion shall never be endorsed while agreeing that such a judgment is relative to your upbringing; aren’t you at once conceding that abortion may be reasonably endorsed by those who had a different upbringing? Thus, it seems, a relativist is committed to the truth of a claim X, while holding at once that X may not be true when contemplated from a different perspective. That seems an outright contradiction. Cultural Universals A second point that has been stressed is the presence of universal traits across different cultures. True enough the idea of a person, of beauty, of good, of family, or of private property differ across cultures; but, if we look close enough, we can also find common traits. It can hardly be disputed that human beings can adapt their cultural development to the circumstances they come to live in. No matter who your parents are, you can equally learn English or Tagalog if you grow up with a community of native speakers of one or the other language; ditto for traits concerning manual or bodily skills, such as cooking or dancing. Common Traits in Perception Even when it comes to perception, it is easy to see that there is an agreement across different cultures. No matter what your culture is, it is probable that a powerful earthquake or a fierce tsunami will elicit fear in you; no matter your social upbringing, you will be moved by the beauty of the Grand Canyon. Similar considerations hold for the brightness of the sun at midday or the feeling of discomfort provoked by a room at 150 degrees Fahrenheit. While it is certainly the case that different human beings have different experiences of the nuances of perceptions, there seems also to be a shared common core, on the basis of which a non-relativistic account of perception may be built. Semantic Overlap What goes for perception goes also for the meaning of our words, that which is studied by the branch of Philosophy of Language that goes under the name of Semantics. When I say â€Å"spicy† I may not mean exactly what you mean; at the same time, it seems that there has to be some kind of overlap in meaning if the communication is effective at all. Thus, what my words mean cannot be fully relative to my own perspective and experience, on pain of an impossibility of communication.

Ethical Obligations And Decision Making Of Accounting

Fraud is intentionally or deliberately deceives others, which led others lose their benefits or person who made fraud obtain benefits. There are three elements of fraud occurrence, which is called the fraud triangle (exhibit 1): incentives or pressure, opportunity, and rationalization; also people will rationalize their fraud. (exhibit 11, from book â€Å"Ethical Obligations and Decision Making in Accounting† page 253 by Steven M. Mintz and Roselyn E. Morris) The fraud incentives or pressure. The pressure on fraudsters is the first condition occurred fraud. Such as financial stability or profitability is threatened by economic condition, industry condition or business condition; management has pressure to meet the requirements or†¦show more content†¦Under a great pressure, fraudsters will try their best to find any little opportunity, and of course they will look for the best way to cover their malicious actions. The ability to find excuses for their fraud. An excuse can be looked as an attitude, character or value, so that fraudsters can make a dishonest action, or fraudsters’ environment can facilitate their ability to rationalize their fraud. Excuse is one of the important conditions for the occurrence of fraud. Only fraudsters able to rationalize their behavior, they can succeed to ease mind after the fraud. Such as management attitudes misconduct or lack of good reputation, or the tense relationship between management and the current or former auditors, all will make fraudsters to mix their personal interests with collective interests. In addition, there are several common types of fraud, which are as follow: First, fraudulent financial reporting, which include: manipulate, falsify or alter accounting entries or related documents; or deliberately ignoring in financial statements, misrepresentation, and intentional wrong accounting principles. Second, misappropriation of assets: Accounts embezzlement; misappropriation or theft of cash, inventory, or equipment; overpayments or early payment of money. All organizations are

Pernicious Anemia free essay sample

Anemia is a disorder of the blood. It occurs when your body does not produce enough erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs). Without the erythrocytes oxygen can not be adequately delivered to the tissues and organs throughout the body. This will cause you to become weak and tired. A person may also experience headaches, skin pallor, and faintness. Your body may attempt to compensate for these symptoms by speeding up the heart rate and respiratory rate. This is the body’s attempt to return oxygen levels to normal(Thibodeau and Patton, 2005). There are several different types of anemia. Some of those are hemorrhagic, iron-deficiency, aplastic, and pernicious. Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia due to a vitamin B-12 deficiency and lack of intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is an protein found only in the stomach and is responsible for the absorption of B-12. The stomach may not produce intrinsic factor due to stomach surgery, such as gastric bypass, parasites or an overgrowth of bacteria in the intestines, Crohn’s or Celiac disease. The lack of intrinsic factor is also an autoimmune disease for some people(Pernicious Anemia, n. d. Pernicious anemia is more common among those who are Scandinavian or Celtic, and in the elderly. This type of anemia was referred to as pernicious because of the deadly outcome it had at one time. Doctors knew that patients were anemic but common cures for anemia did not work. This was until the 1920’s when two physicians, George Minot and William Murphy, joined together and realized that certain foods restored patient health and red blood cells drastically. The best type of food for pernicious anemia was liver. The doctors didn’t understand why but seen great improvements in a very short time period (Jacovino, 1998). Another physician, William Castle, also helped to cure the disease. In one experiment he ate liver, made himself vomit, and fed it to his patients. Oddly enough this strange idea worked. His unusual method led to the discovery of intrinsic factor. A protein found only in the stomach. Later on it was revealed that the intrinsic factor allowed absorption of vitamin B-12. B-12 is abundant in liver and is what made the liver therapy a success (Jacovino, 1998). The lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach leads to a vitamin B-12 deficiency. Vitamin B-12 is necessary for production of normal, healthy red blood cells. Without B-12, red blood cells become to large(macrocytic) and do not carry enough oxygen to supply the body. Without enough oxygen the body can not function normally and a person is said to be anemic (Pernicious Anemia, n. d. ). There are many different signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia. As mentioned before, the classic sign is the feeling of being tired and weak at all times. Other signs and symptoms can include having a bright red, smooth tongue, tingling and numbness in the hands and feet, shortness of breath (Mary J. Shomon, n. d. ) There is also changes in a persons nervous system. Such changes are seen in the patients vision, taste, and smell. The patient may also have an unsteady gait, become depressed, confused, have a loss of memory and develop psychosis. Problems can even occur in the digestive system. This would include bleeding gums, mouth sores, nausea and vomiting. Gas, heartburn, change in bowel movements (constipation or diarrhea), and weight change are some other symptoms. Evan hepatomegaly can be part of the disease process. Left untreated pernicious anemia can lead to heart failure/heart attacks and strokes. The disease also puts a person at risk for stomach cancer(Pernicious Anemia, n. d. ) Prevention is possible if your anemia is due to poor dietary habits. A vegetarian or someone who has gastric bypass can improve their symptoms by eating a foods rich in vitamin B-12. Foods to include in your diet would be: *meat(especially liver), poultry, and shellfish *orange juice and milk *leafy green vegetables *rice, barley, and cereal *legumes A person can also increase vitamin B-12 intake with supplements. There are several to choose from. Vitamin B-12 can be found in daily vitamins or by themselves(Pernicious Anemia, n. d. ) There is different test that will be ordered by your physician to diagnos the condition. A complete blood count is one of those. This will determine your hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. A complete blood count will also show the amount and size of the erythrocytes. Other blood test will include test that check B-12 and folic acid deficiencies, elevated levels of homocysteine, and a decreased potassium and cholesteral level. The physician will also be looking for antibodies to intrinsic factor that will be present in the body. The reticulocytes, which are immature red blood cells, will be counted. They will be low in pernicious anemia. Another procedure, bone marrow aspiration, might be performed to see if the bone marrow is producing sufficient red blood cells, and to make sure the RBCs are healthy(Pernicious Anemia, n. d. ) You may also have to have two urine test. One test will measure the amount of methymalonic acid. Methymalonic acid is high in pernicious anemia. The other urine test is called a Schilling test. The Schilling test will determine if the body is absorbing vitamin B-12 normally. To perform this test you must first take an oral dose of B-12 that has radioactive markers, then hours later receive an injection of B-12 without the radioactive markers. Urine samples will be collected for the next 24 hours. If results are abnormal, there are three more stages of the Schilling test that you have to complete to determine the reason why you can not absorb B-12(Schilling Test, n. d. Once diagnosed by a physicain and it is determined that you have pernicious anemia, there is treatment available. The two most common options are vitamin supplements and injections. B-12 also comes in a gel and nasal spray form. Europeans have been researching a nasal spray form of hydryocobalamin and this research is showing promising results(Shomon, n. d. ). After initial testing and treatment you will be required to see your doctor on a regular basis. Routine visits will make sure that treatment is working, B-12 levels are normal in the body, and to monitor effects caused by anemia. Check to see if nerve damage is getting better/worse, and watching for stomach cancer. ) Pernicious anemia is a devasting condition that will cause damage to all parts of the body, may lead to cancer, and eventually cause death if left untreated. But is easily diagnosed through blood and urine testing. It is easily treated with a diet high in vitamin B-12 and supplemental B-12. The symptoms usually start to improve within days and diminish over time. Some problems do have a life long effect, but most are treatable and reversible with proper treatment.

John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci Essays - Gothic Fiction

John Keats' ?La Belle Dame Sans Merci? SPeech is where you make speeches. La Belle Dame sans Merci In La Belle Dame sans Merci, John Keats stresses the idea that beauty is only skin deep and also lies in the eye of the beholder. Through the use of two speakers, Keats is able to portray his theme by means of a story. As the poem begins, the reader meets the first speaker. As we read on, we come to find out that this is a passer-by. We also find out the state of the other speaker, wretched Wight. Sounds so full of life. We also find out the setting. The sedge is witherd from the lake, /And no birds sing. Again, the reader sees the lack of life in the setting. As the first speaker continues, he starts to interrogate the other man. what can ail thee? He describes the man as a lily on thy brow, with anguish moist and fever dew. This translated more than likely indicates that the man is sad. He has also lost the color in his cheeks by stating, on thy cheek a fading rose. Now, it is time for the other speaker to respond. His fir st remark is the route of his problemI met a lady. Wow, cut, print, we have ourselves the beginning of the majority of problems men face. He has met a woman. He then starts to describe her as if in a trance Full beautiful, a faerys child. The woman is made out to be a goddess. He furthers his description with Her hair was long, her foot was light, /And her eyes were wild. Through stating her attributes in past tense, the second speaker is relaying that she is no longer there. Now the second speaker (for the sake of understanding, we shall call him Sark), Sark is describing what they did together. [Sark] set her on [his] pacing steed. And she sat like a true lady and they were merry. She took him into her elfin grot and the laid together. She lookd at [Sark] as she did love him. By this saying, it can be presumed that she did not really love him, but only acted like it because of the gifts he was bestowing upon her. As he fell asleep, Sark had a dream. He dreamt that [he] saw pale ki ngs, and princes too, /Pale warriors, death-pale were they all. These men can be presumed as others who had fallen for this woman and had come to the same misery as him. Sark wakes up and finds himself alone On the cold hillside. He then continues to explain that is why the passer-by found him where he is, where the sedge is witherd from the lake, /And no bird sings. This is a true story of falling in love with the beauty and not the person. The man fell for her like a rock in water. He gave up everything for her and she left him. But in retrospect, when the title of the poem is translated, it turns out she is the beautiful woman without pity. Speech and Communcations

Citibank Organisational Structure Essay Example

Citibank Organisational Structure Essay Example Citibank Organisational Structure Paper Citibank Organisational Structure Paper Citigroups Corporate and Investment Banking provides a comprehensive range of world-class investment and banking services to corporates, governments and institutional investors in more than 100 countries around the world. We have significant operations in the worlds most important financial and investment centres including London, New York, Boston, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Milan, San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney and Tokyo among many others. In Australia and New Zealand, Citigroup has been an industry leader for over thirty years and today offers the broadest range of financial products, the most in-depth local and global industry expertise and the most comprehensive coverage of the worlds financial markets. We are consistently ranked as the largest underwriter of equity and debt, and in the top tier of providers for MA advice and securities trading. We are a leader in the provision of commercial banking services including cash management, foreign exchange, trade and treasury services. Citigroups unmatched level of products, services, and geographic presence, combined with the worlds largest bank balance sheet, makes us the premier financial organization for corporate and institutional clients in Australia and New Zealand. 10Organizational Structure Chairman CEO Audit Committee* Risk Management and Finance Committee Personnel and Compensation Committee* Nomination and Governance Committee* Public Affairs Committee Citi Holdings Oversight Committee Ad Hoc Committees as necessary* Each member of these Committees must be Independent. â€Å"Quality-Loyalty† Award for the Latin America Operations Center of Excellence On May 24th, the Norwegian Embassy in Mexico City presented the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000-27000 â€Å"Quality-Loyalty† award to the Latin America Operations Center of Excellence (COE) group reflecting Banamex’s long term commitment with the ISO strategy. This commitment started ten years ago with a continuous follow up by the people involved in the Banamex Operations group, which eventually evolved into the Latin America COE group created in 2007. The ISO discipline has been embedded into the day to day activities of the Operations group, allowing them to revalidate the ISO certification year after year during this period. Alejandro Villalpando, a member of the Latin America Operations COE group, says they are aiming for a new goal, which is to include secondary processes in the scope of the certification. Other areas that have participated in the ISO certification besides the Latin America COE Operations are Operations Mexico and Latin America Customer Service.